The event of Mubahila is a significant incident in Islamic history, occurring between Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the Christians of Najran. This event is linked to the verse known as Ayat-e-Mubahila in Surah Al-Imran (3:61). In this verse, Allah instructed the Prophet (peace be upon him) to engage in Mubahila (mutual cursing) with the Christians of Najran to reveal the truth. The verse states:
“Let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves, then let us earnestly pray and invoke the curse of Allah on the liars.” (Surah Al-Imran, 3:61)
Who Accompanied the Prophet (peace be upon him) in Mubahila?
For the Mubahila, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was accompanied by the following five individuals, known as the Panjetan Pak or Ahl al-Bayt:
Hazrat Ali (peace be upon him): The Prophet’s cousin and son-in-law, considered the “self” (nafs) in the verse.
Hazrat Fatima (peace be upon her): The Prophet’s daughter, included among the “women” in the verse.
Hazrat Hasan (peace be upon him): The Prophet’s grandson, son of Ali and Fatima, included among the “sons.”
Hazrat Husayn (peace be upon him): The Prophet’s grandson, son of Ali and Fatima, also included among the “sons.”
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him): The Prophet himself participated in the Mubahila.
Brief Description of the Event
The Christians of Najran debated with the Prophet (peace be upon him) about the nature of Jesus (peace be upon him) and Islamic principles. When the debate remained unresolved, Allah revealed the Ayat-e-Mubahila. The Prophet invited the Christians to Mubahila and brought only these four individuals with him. Upon seeing the Prophet and his companions, the Christians were overwhelmed by their spiritual grandeur and withdrew from the Mubahila. Subsequently, they made a peace agreement with the Prophet (peace be upon him).
Significance
The event of Mubahila highlights the special status of Ahl al-Bayt. These five individuals hold immense respect and significance in Islam. This verse and event affirm the sanctity and exalted position of Ahl al-Bayt in both Shia and Sunni traditions.
